Fire Management Essay

I. Presentation: In the early many years of the twentieth century, The Philippine government received a strategy of forceful fire concealment. Proficient firemen were prepared to identify and battle flames, and fire stations were worked in vital territories all through our nation. The point of fire concealment is, first, to stop or hinder the pace of a fire’s spread, and also, to put it out. There are three segments to any fire †fuel, temperature, and oxygen †which have gotten known as the fire triangle. To stifle a fire, firemen must break this triangle, by evacuating the burnable materials, by diminishing its temperature, or by covering it so it has no oxygen. Smothering flames turned out to be extensively progressively powerful after World War II and when new fire engines, helicopters, smokejumpers, fire retardant garments and new putting out fires systems were brought into the battle against flames. It appeared as though the furious infernos that had pulverized property and threatened individuals would turn into the massive fiascos of the past, constrained to little episodes that could be immediately managed. It has been seen that when individuals hear fire or smoke cautions, their first reaction is commonly to attempt to discover the explanation behind the alert as opposed to quickly getting away or revealing a fire. In certain circumstances, nobody is available to hear an alert or on the off chance that they do hear it, they may decide to disregard it altogether. On the off chance that they understand it is a fire, they may attempt to battle it themselves, caution or help others, or gather things The sort of working where an alarm enacts is a key factor in the manner individuals react. Commonly, a caution in a home prompts a quick reaction by inhabitants while reaction to an alert in open gathering inhabitance could be required to be moderate. This proposes wellspring of call estimates defined by inhabitance type would be instructive in looking at absolute reaction time measures. Fire spread may likewise be influenced by fire warning and dispatch. The additional time it takes to advise the local group of fire-fighters, the additional time fire needs to spread. Be that as it may, observing administrations might be more probable than people to report bound flames, since people are probably going to put these minor flames out themselves. To distinguish this, the wellspring of the call would need to be inspected alongside fire spread. Contrasted with all structures, a structure with a caution checking framework might be bound to be outfitted with a programmed fire location as well as concealment framework, which would improve the probability that a fire would be recognized early or contained to the room of cause. The measure may be additionally reinforced by looking at the level of calls made by either people or alert checking administrations by nearness or nonappearance of programmed concealment frameworks. In the National Capital Region with a populace of 11.86 Million, it is the place the majority of the greatest and sad fire happened in this way, powerful and effective firefighting is fundamental. Sadly, the BFP firemen were need appropriate individual defensive types of gear and current firefighting supplies which is exceptionally huge in doing their ordered undertakings. II. RELATED ISSUES AND CONCERNS: There are a few investigations, some of which go back to the 1970’s, that feature significant execution measures for local groups of fire-fighters to consider while assessing outstanding task at hand, execution, productivity, and adequacy. There have been some key changes in fire codes since the 1970’s. This can affect proportions of local group of fire-fighters execution. Fire identification and concealment hardware is presently required in most new development. For the fire administration, the ideal fire security results †which are not handily estimated †incorporate flames forestalled or stifled, and at last the human life and property protected. You can't gauge a program without first obviously distinguishing the objectives and motivation behind that program, at the end of the day the proposed result. Objective explanations are subjective proclamations that regularly sum up the planned result of a program in words instead of numbers. This is the initial ste p to assessing execution. When expected objectives are set up, the office must recognize the capacities or moves that are made so as to accomplish said objective. They should likewise consider accessible assets †regardless of whether money related, gear, or individual hours. Why measure execution? Robert Behn brings up, â€Å"neither the demonstration of estimating execution nor the subsequent information achieves anything itself; just when somebody utilizes these measures here and there do they achieve something.† Performance estimates are the quantitative or numerical portrayal of exercises and assets that help assess whether the objective is met. The simplest and most ideal method of applying quantitative execution measures to subjective objective proclamations is to explicitly distinguish target rates or rates for every objective. For instance, one subjective objective proclamation for the local group of fire-fighters may be to â€Å"control fire spread upon arrival.† The division could utilize the measure: level of flames that didn't spread past the territory of birthplace after appearance of the local group of fire-fig hters. When conversing with open overseers and town authorities, saying 88% of flames didn't spread past the territory of root after local group of fire-fighters appearance doesn’t truly mean much without a distinguished objective. Obviously, in a perfect world everybody needs 100% of flames limited to the zone of birthplace, yet it isn't generally the situation. Practical objective objectives ought to be set. Networks aren’t static; they develop and change after some time. Populace size and attributes can change. Building types and development materials can change. An adjustment in office strategy (i.e., faculty levels, examination recurrence) can influence execution. The local group of fire-fighters should take these issues into thought and think about its own community’s qualities and office approach after some time. As indicated by The Rand Fire Project, any open assistance must be estimated by its adequacy, effectiveness, and value. Adequacy is worried about the essential purpose behind offering the support. Proportions of viability decide how well a help does what it should do. To decide viability, it’s critical to look past prompt yield and decide the related outcomes of that yield. Productivity is worried about how well assets are utilized in offering the assistance. Productivity measures are a monetary model, regularly connected with cash. Value is worried about the connection between the individuals who pay and the individuals who advantage. Value estimates take a gander at the decency in levels of administration gave and resident desire (Chaiken and Ignall). III. Strategy ISSUES: The Manila Fire District (MFD) reaffirms five expansive objectives: 1. Improve Fire/Emergency Response Operations 2.1 Enhance the Department’s readiness to react to flames, crises, fiascos and demonstrations of fear based oppression. The Department’s most noteworthy need keeps on being to upgrade its operational ability to react to flames, pre-medical clinic care crises, building breakdown and dangerous materials occurrences, just as cataclysmic events, fear monger acts and different crises. 2.2 Fire Management Program 2.3.1 Pre-Suppression 2.3.2.1 Training: All staff will get preparing in emergency treatment, fireline security, fire conduct and strategies and techniques for fire concealment. This will remember occasional hands-for preparing with hand devices and hardware, just as team and fireline association. Administrators and fire the board work force need unique preparing in fire control strategies to protect their skill when coordinating fire concealment activities. 2.3.2.2 Pre-assault arranging is required at Administrative Staff and Branch levels for the social event, organizing and recording of insight, just as the development of certain fire control offices, to safeguard the quick and productive concealment of fire on some random zone. Pre-assault arranging will include: (an) Assess and guide existing offices, firelines and get to course, which are decided to be imperative to the fruitful control of flames. (b) Identify and propose extra offices, firelines, and different guides to fire control, including support required. (c) A gauge of faculty, hardware, and different variables required including other office cooperators that will accommodate sheltered and proficient fire control. (d) Identify regular and physical assets critical. (e) Construct and keep up new lines and offices as indicated by plan, by need, as assets and time grant. (f) Keep pre-assault plans current to yearly handle checks and modifications. 1.2.1.3. Hardware and Material Readiness (a) Will secure, represent, and keep up particular gear and material utilized on the side of fire control exercises, for example, media communications and PC hardware. (b) Will keep up firefighting gear and material in safe condition and condition of availability. (c) Will keep up a satisfactory stock of gear, material and gracefully. 2.3.2 Suppression (a) The occurrence leader is liable for all exercises and procedure on the fire. He may appoint greater obligation to colleagues as authoritative needs develop, yet he is consistently the last power and bears all out duty. (b) Coordinate with Barangay and Volunteer Fire Brigades for sure fire concealment of fire and different crises. 2.3.3 Demobilization (a) Completion of all reports identified with the fire. (b) Repair and upkeep of all hardware utilized on the fire and substitution of things rendered unserviceable or consumed. (c) Debriefing and scrutinize will be directed as proper. Significant things of data picked up will be joined in the last fire report. 2. Improve Fire Prevention and Safety Education 2.1 Prevention A significant res

Math Tutoring center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Tutoring focus - Essay Example In this way, a Math Tutoring Center in the college would be an invite thought. Numerous American colleges have a Math Tutoring Center where understudies go for additional help with different units in math. A large portion of the Math Tutoring Centers work in a stroll in exit premise whereby, understudies don't have to book for arrangements. This is an extraordinary favorable position for understudies since they can get help at the comfort of their own time. For example, it is important to book a meeting with a speaker and in some cases the arrangement may not appear. In this way, the Math Tutoring Center turns into the best option for understudies. This is a decent inspiration factor to the understudies particularly considering the way that college teachers are elusive. Anyway much science educators and speakers would need to help all understudies, they are restricted by accessibility of time. Also, a few understudies are not open to their speakers. Along these lines, understudies would feel progressively great being aided a Math Tutoring Center. Note that a Math Tutoring focus offers math mentoring in an alternate set up in this way breaking the class repetitiveness. This makes learning science a fascinating and pleasant undertaking for understudies. Along these lines, understudies will be persuaded to invest more amounts of energy in adapting particularly thinking about that they won't need to trust that predetermined time will get help. All the more significantly is the way that math coaching focuses encourage quicker learning in light of the fact that the help is offered in a flash. Math mentoring focuses are fundamental in giving showing choices in science. To start with, arithmetic is educated in an unexpected methodology in comparison to the one utilized in class set up. Despite the fact that this may additionally befuddle a few understudies, the distinctive methodological methodology makes it workable for the understudy to comprehend the math ideas in alternate point of view. Furthermore, the balanced methodology in learning science bolstered in math

Accounting in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bookkeeping in Russia - Essay Example sitated a development away from the previous time of bookkeeping guidelines that were on top of the halfway arranged economy of the USSR yet were obsolete with the presentation of private enterprise. This paper examines the historical backdrop of bookkeeping in Russia and the ongoing improvements in detailing bookkeeping principles and administration. Because of the huge number of corporate embarrassments that shook Russia in the initial hardly any long periods of the 21st century, the Russian government has hurried the transition to bookkeeping guideline and corporate administration. Russia matters to the worldwide economy. As a nation with critical demonstrated and dubious normal assets, basically oil among them, it is one of the world’s driving providers of oil and items. With the spike in Oil costs in the last pieces of 2007 and proceeding into 2008, the geo-key significance of Russia expanded drastically with the outcome that the world was dependant on the flexibly of Russian oil and gas. With respect to the flexibly of gas to Western Europe, Russia utilized its muscles and guaranteed that the terms set by it were followed consistently. In certain occasions, it even took steps to remove the gracefully of gas to Europe as a retaliatory measure. In this way, Russia is in a situation to direct terms toward the West. It must be qualified this is an ongoing improvement given the situation in the 1990’s and the initial barely any long periods of this decade as the West had the advantage in its dealings with Russia. Further, Russia is an appealing goal for remote capital and as a hostage showcase among the developing economies that pass by the abbreviation BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China). It is in light of a legitimate concern for the western worldwide partnerships to have Russia receive a coordinated bookkeeping framework in accordance with their desires. What's more, the feeling of patriotism that describes the Russian disposition towards the west has brought about its own arrangement of needs for the two sides. It is in this setting the move towards

Human resources management in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR the board by and by - Essay Example Also, there are two sorts of criticism. Activity input happens when you can see by the other individual's activities whether your correspondence has been comprehended. For instance, while introducing a thought, the individual who is accepting the data executes it. Your activity input is the beneficiary executing your guidance, or counsel. Individual input, the subsequent sort be that as it may, can be progressively troublesome. Intermittently, individuals would prefer not to have all the earmarks of being silly or unintelligent. Appropriately, they will lie and state I comprehend when without a doubt they don't. Sir Jones offers an elective way of evaluation one's understanding. He proposes that speaker ask What might you do first Jones plots correspondence obstructions and how to defeat them in way which is straightforward. His charges are particularly informative. Jones teaches that there are different sorts of correspondence however of import to this talk, center is distinctly around the nonverbal kinds of correspondence. This segment is particularly fascinating in light of the fact that one is fairly mindful of the nonverbal interchanges in the social setting however not in the hierarchical setting. Notwithstanding, by noticing the hindrances and adhering to Jones' guidance, correspondence inside the hierarchical develop can be undeniably progressively fruitful along these lines prompting viable administration. Enrolling individuals who aren't right for the association c... An occupation opening gives the ideal chance to consider rebuilding, or to reevaluate the prerequisites of the activity (Pearn and Kandola 1993). A warning of a vocation opening ought to be clear. It ought to unmistakably and precisely set out the obligations and duties of the activity and ought to incorporate those things sketched out inside the article (Couwood 2005). Additionally, there is a point by point framework of recommended things to put in a vocation posting ad. Every one of these things permit the business and representative to get together with an away from of what is normal and what is looked for. Required capacities ought to be communicated as far as the measures required, not simply as far as the assignment to be embraced. The filtering stage can help the association by giving criticism on the publicizing procedure and the reasonableness of the application structure. It can likewise recognize individuals who may be valuable somewhere else in the association. To stay away from any chance of inclination, such filtering ought to be embraced by at least two individuals. In the event that there are such a large number of potential competitors, at that point they ought to be weighed facing the attractive characteristics indicated. Further, if the activity includes down to earth aptitudes, it might be proper to test for capacity previously or at the hour of meeting. This is commonly adequate for manual and word handling aptitudes, yet less helpful for administrative and regulatory posts. There are different tests that associations can apply to planned applicants. At last, the most widely recognized procedure of enrollment is The most well-known kind of meeting utilized in the determination procedure is an organized meeting with a conventional configuration. It for the most part comprises of three stages. The starting stage covers the welcome, casual conversation, and a diagram of which

Performance Management and Compensation Structure - 2200 Words

Performance Management and Compensation Structure: A Research Report (Dissertation - Results Sample) Content: Performance Management and Compensation Structure: A Research ReportA. Executive SummaryThis research report discusses various aspects that has been found out through the research process. The report discusses various steps of performance management process that helps an organization to enhance its organizational efficiency. It also describes various kinds of approaches and strategies that are used for giving warning to the underperforming employees or terminating them. The report also includes a clear discussion and description of a suitable, effective, and influencing remuneration structure and, the appropriate base pay structure so that the Little Heart Agency can properly understand and assess the areas that need to be improved.B. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u A. Executive Summary2 B. Table of Contents.......................................................................................................31.0. Introduction4 2.0. Findings4 2.1. Performance Management4 2.1.1. Performance Planning4 2.1.2. Performance Monitoring5 2.1.3. Performance Development5 2.1.4. Performance Evaluation6 2.1.5. Succession Planning6 3.0. Performance Warning System6 3.1. Procedural Fairness6 3.2. Substantive Justification7 4.0. Remuneration Structure7 4.1. Job Evaluation Techniques7 4.2. Base Pay8 4.3. Variable Components8 4.4. Extra Benefits9 4.5. Other Allowances95.0. Base Pay Structure106.0. Conclusion11References....................................................................................................................131.0. IntroductionThere are multiple factors that are necessary for setting goals of an organization, analyze the employee performance, and develop a strong work culture. As the Little Heart Agency has not implemented any effective performance management system and clear remuneration structure, the structural sc enario of the organization demanded a proper research about all these facts so that LHA becomes able to implement and integrate all these systems into its structure. This report mentions and critically evaluates all those factors that have been found necessary for the organizational strengthening of the Little Heart Agency.2.0. Findings2.1. Performance ManagementThe performance management helps an organization to establish a proper understanding of the workforce and the desired achievement with the help of that workforce. This process has various parts.2.1.1 Performance PlanningPerformance planning is the primary and fundamental step of performance management. This formal process helps an organization to identify, discuss, and then develop proper plans to set both organizational and individual goals within the company structure (Bhattacharya, 2011). It clearly demonstrates the desired level of achievement by the employees in the upcoming period of performance appraisal. This step is necessary because, at the end, the fixed goals and objectives serve as the standards for assessing and evaluating the performance of the employees as well as the improvement of the organization. It is highly recommended that the objectives and the indicators developed in this stage are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound.2.1.2 Performance MonitoringThis monitoring process is usually supervised by the managers. The focus should be invested on the achieved results, and how the individual and group behavior of the employees contribute to the work environment (Bascal, 2012). The monitoring process should also concentrate on continuous tracking of the objectives through regular meetings with the employees, identifying barriers to the achievement of the objectives, sharing feedback on the achievements of the employees, keeping the employees aware about any required changes in the objectives in accordance with the shifting environment, and determining any extra sup port that may be required for enhancing the performance of the workforce.2.1.3 Performance DevelopmentAn organization should heavily focus on the development of the employee performance thorough continuous and thorough communication with the managers. This stage focuses on the development of the skills of the employees and the managers so that their professional excellence are enhanced. It includes discussion with the managers, exchanging opinions and ideas among the individuals, promote individual growth, and allow the employees to adopt new skills and thoughts in accordance with the organizational objectives (Delpo and Guerin, 2014).2.1.4 Performance EvaluationThe performance evaluation process is the review and critical evaluation of the delivered performance and achieved objectives of the employees over a specific period of time. The evaluation process helps to summarize the accomplishments of the employees both on the individual level and on a wholesome organizational level so that the organization becomes able to find out the key results and the shortcomings in accordance with the organizational objectives set at the first level (Sandler and Keefe, 2004). This process also kelps to find out the challenges for the workforce and identifies the areas that need development.2.1.5 Succession PlanningSuccession planning is an important step in the performance management system. Through this particular step, the organizations recruit suitable and fit employees, managers, and other superior employees according to the defined job roles. It helps an organization to recruit the employees according to their excellence, develop their skills, and encourage the employees for promotion to the more challenging job roles inside the organizational structure.3.0. Performance Warning System3.1 Procedural FairnessProcedural fairness is a fair, impartial, and unbiased process for resolving any kind of disputes between the employee and the employer. This process gives the emplo yees an opportunity to resolve any dispute with the organization if he is provided any warning for underperforming. Moreover, this process needs to allocate equal resources to both parties for fair justice. If there is any biased step during the process that unfairly goes against the employee, he can file a lawsuit against the organization. The law has the provision that clearly states that in such case, the employee should be given beck his job or compensated accordingly.3.2. Substantive JustificationIf an organization dismisses an employee without any prior notice or warning, the decision should be substantively justified. According to the law, the organization should clearly describe if the employee was previously aware about the company rules and policies, if the employee was given sufficient opportunity and proper training to enhance his knowledge and skills, and to what level the ill health of an employee is affecting the overall performance of the organization.4.0. Remunerati on Structure4.1. Job Evaluation TechniquesLHA can use two types of effective techniques for job evaluation.A) Job Ranking: In this method, each job role and the employee performance related to each job role are compared with the other job roles of the organization. It allows the organization to rank all the jobs according to their importance in the organization in the form of highest to lowest, and hardest to easiest (Armstrong, 2005). This ranking should be done according to the responsibility, expectation, and duty of each specific job role.B) Points Rating: This method allows the evaluator to allocate points to each job role according to specific factors like responsibility, required skill, employee's knowledge, produced effort, and difficulty level of the job (Armstrong and Murlis, 2007). These points are then summed up to arrive at a conclusion. The remuneration package is provided according to the points allocated to each job role.4.2. Base PayThe following types of base pay can be implemented in the LHA:1) Salary: This system allows the employees to receive compensation according to the their performance on weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly basis. The employees are fairly compensated for their performance, but they do not receive any extra credit for better performance (Ryckman, 1986).2) Hourly Wage: The payment rate can be decided according to the job roles and according to the number of hours the employees have worked. In this type of pay, the employees can be provided with some extra benefits for better performance or overtime work.4.3. Variable ComponentsLHA is a non-profit organization that hugely depends on the performance of the employees. Therefore, the employees should be encouraged to work better by providing them with some variable components in the remuneration package.I) Performance Bonus: The employees should be compensated with some bonus after the evaluation of the employee performance over a specific period of time (Keenan, 1994). The perf ormance bonus should be awarded on a discretionary basis. The bonus should be provided according to individual performance, the importance and the level of the job role.II) Long Term Award: This system can be helpful in the organization's goal to retain the employees. This extra compensation offers the employees with an added benefit after the ending of their career. the compensation is generally huge and handsome.4.4. Extra BenefitsLHA can also implement some extra benefits in the remuneration package to encourage the existing employees and attract new professional in the work field.i) Provident Fund: This is a compensation provided to the employees after their retirement. Precisely, it is a kind of pension fund. The employees of the LHA will be encouraged to work better if they are provided with sustainable and attractive provident fund benefits.ii) Business Trave...

Superstitions in Huckleberry Finn - Free Essay Example

Mark Twain is one of America’s best-known authors. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, addresses a variety of ideas that create conflict with each other. He does this through the character of Huck Finn. Huck experiences all these conflicting ideas throughout the novel, all the while he attempts to find his own idea of freedom in, at the time and currently, a conflicted nation. The thematic thread that holds all of the text together is superstition. Superstition is defined as a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of a causation. Superstitions have been around since the beginning of time and are still around today. They control peoples mindset for the future and they influence their decisions. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the author uses superstition to mock human fear and ignorance, and to offer humor to the story. He does this in serious situations in order to humor the audience and lighten the mood. The superstitions Twain presented in the novel relate to modern-day superstitions because similar meanings lie behind them. â€Å"Pretty soon a spider went crawling up my shoulder, and I flipped it off and it lit the candle; and before I could budge it was all shriveled up. I didn’t need anybody to tell me that that was an awful bad sign and would fetch me some bad luck, so I was scared and most shook the clothes off of me. I got up and turned around in my tracks three times and crossed my breast every time; and then I tied up a little lock of my hair with a thread to keep witches away† (Twain 3). This relates to the theme due to the beginning of the story when Twain addressed the superstitions of the characters due to how they were raised and their culture. It was believed that if your ancestors fear something, then you will too. Another example is when Twain states â€Å"And he said: ‘Ef you’s got hairy arms en a hairy breas’. It’s a sign dat you’s agwyne to be rich’† (Twain 54). In this quote, it proves how superstitions can serve as a sign for the future due to the fact people in deep poverty or slaves can use these superstitions as signs of hope. Twain makes this comment due to the fact slaves have an unclear future. The majority lack education and this leads them to believe odd superstitions in order to have hope, for something, for anything. Let’s discuss a more modern superstition that is followed today. Throwing salt over your shoulder. In the article, Why Do People Throw Salt Over Their Shoulders? by Debra Ronca, the author explains that people throw salt over their shoulders because of an assumption that it is associated with disloyalty and lying. In Leonardo Di Vincis painting The Last Supper, you can see that Judas from the Bible has knocked down the salt with his elbow. Since Judas is a symbol of disloyalty and lying because of his betrayal to Jesus Christ, people started to associate spilled salt with bad luck. This superstition is relevant to those seen in the novel because you see the recurring theme of influence of religion and the theme of superstition is commonly hand in hand with that. In Chapter 4, Huck himself makes a reference to the throwing salt over his left shoulder to keep off bad luck. Religion based superstitions are seen in both The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and in modern day life. In my culture, there are so many superstitions. Such as black cats are bad luck, the Evil Eye, or Mal de Ojo, or breaking a mirror, or eating 12 grapes right before the New Year, or wearing red underwear on New Year’s which will bring you good luck, and maybe, if you’re that luck, finding your soulmate. Superstitions make up Hispanic/Latino culture, I don’t believe half of them. No one believes all of them. Throughout Mark Twains novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the continuous use of superstition not only helps the story progress, but allowed the manifest of the easily persuaded mindset of people in the 1830s-1840s. By using superstitions, it is easy to differentiate organized religion to believing in ones own values and how having the impression of either one has the power to determine the outcome of your future. Huck and Jim allow the power of holding their faith within superstition to dictate their actions throughout their multiple adventures. In doing so, every action gone wrong or right, is explained none other than by superstitious beliefs. These notions acquire the capability to reveal the level of willpower they both possess. Hucks level of willpower ostensibly being, not very strong in consideration of their reliance on a theory that isnt truly authentic. Twains use of superstition helps put into perspective the true identity of Huckleberry Finn in the novel, whether that is being dependent upon a false belief or strong enough to cope with a rugged past.

Dance Therapy Essay - 1803 Words

Dance Therapy Dance therapy is a type of psychotherapy that uses movement to further the social, cognitive, emotional, and physical development of the individual. Dance therapists work with people who have many kinds of emotional problems, intellectual deficits, and life-threatening illnesses. They are employed in psychiatric hospitals, day care centers, mental health centers, prisons, special schools, and private practice. They work with people of all ages in both group and individual therapy. Some also engage in research. Dance therapists try to help people develop communication skills, a positive self-image, and emotional stability. Origins Dance therapy began as a profession in the 1940s with the work of Marian Chace. A†¦show more content†¦She developed a process called movement in-depth, an extension of her understanding of dance, movement, and depth psychology. She helped found the contemporary movement practice called authentic movement. In this type of movement, founded on the principles of Jungian analysis, patients dance out their feelings about an internal image, often one that can help them understand their past or their current life struggles. One of Whiteheads students, Janet Alder furthered Whiteheads work in authentic movement by establishing the Mary Starks Whitehouse Institute in 1981. In 1966, dance therapy became formally organized and recognized when the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) was formed. Benefits Dance therapy can be helpful to a wide range of patients--from psychiatric patients to those with cancer to lonely elderly people. Dance therapy is often an easy way for a person to express emotions, even when his or her experience is so traumatic he or she cant talk about it. It is frequently used with rape victims and survivors of sexual abuse and incest. It can also help people with physical deficits improve their self-esteem and learn balance and coordination. Dance therapists also work with people who have chronic illnesses and life-threatening diseases to help them deal with pain, fear of death, and changes in their body image. Many people with such illnesses find dance therapyShow MoreRelatedDance Therapy1988 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Dance therapy is a kind of psychotherapy that uses movement to promote the social, mental, emotional, and physical improvement of an individual. Dance is the most important key of the arts it involves a direct expression of someone’s self over one’s body. It is specifically a powerful medium for therapy. Dance therapy is the use of movement to recover the mental and physical health of a person. Dance therapy is the use of movement to recover the mental and physical health of a personRead MoreDance Therapy Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesDance therapy is a type of psychotherapy that uses movement to further the social, cognitive, emotional, and physical development of the individual. 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Using Hydropower Help Stop Global Warming - 1056 Words

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The Salem Witch Trials A Day By Day Chronicle Of A...

The book I have chosen to write about is â€Å"The Salem Witch Trials: A Day by Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege† written by Marilynne K. Roach and published in 2002. Marilynne K. Roach is the president of the Historical Society of Watertown and a member of the Watertown Historical Commission board, she also is an active board member and a curator of the Salem Witch Museum. She has multiple books that have been published about the Salem and the trials that occurred in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. She also holds a fine arts degree from the Massachusetts College of Art. Roach spent 20 years researching archival collections, and discovered that many recent books on the subject are either inaccurate or unsubstantiated about the trials. A lot of the information found in other books relating the trials from different authors use quotes from her works and they also use her as a reference/ source because of her profound studies on the subject along with her active r ole in the community and with the museum. Emerson W. Baker explained how important Roach’s book was to his research for his own book, â€Å"A Storm of Witchcraft†, stating: â€Å"I am in awe of her work, and as I have told her – I never could have written my book without her day by day chronicle.† â€Å"All lives are stories, and history is made of stories†-MKR, this quote makes you think that you of what you’ve done in and with your life and if it will have an impact alongside our history books. The events andShow MoreRelatedSix Women Of Salem Book Review1124 Words   |  5 PagesYasmin Valdez 11/23/15 History 1302 Book Review â€Å"Six Women of Salem† Book Review, By Marilyne K. Roach Marilynne K. Roach is a resident of Watertown, Massachusetts. She went on to graduate with a BFA from MCA (Massachusetts College of Art) but she uniquely gives credit to the public library systems for the rest of her education. This is very interesting to me because she says that libraries are what she owes to her education to. Because of all the books she reads she later turns out to be a greatRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Series Of Events That Occurred3696 Words   |  15 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a series of events that occurred within the 1690 s in a puritan society called Salem Village. It started with people acting out due to unknown causes and sources. Citizens within Salem started to accuse the men and women who acted out as witches, increasing mistrust and hysteria within Salem. The numerous allegations lead to hearings and prosecutions of the people who were accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts. The trials resulted in the executions of twenty

Feminism Gender And Gender Inequality - 1834 Words

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In the economy, women are working towards holding higher positions and breaking the glass ceiling that holds them back as well as breaking†¦show more content†¦Women s movements began work and â€Å"by the mid-1980s, an urban-based women s movement had emerged in China, characterized by the heightening of women s consciousness, attempts to combat the old and new problems women fa ced, and, most important, the development of women s organizations and women s studies groups and programs at Chinese universities† (162). Movements began popping up from the injustices that were being endured by Chinese women. The women s movement that developed in China was in direct response to the conditions that conditions that were created from a changing cultural dynamic in the country. Responses from the heightening of women s awareness of the injustices were facing led to the creation of organizations that would not have existed otherwise. 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Horticulture - The Physical and Chemical Properties Potting Mixes

Question: Discuss about the Horticulture for the Properties of Potting Mixes. Answer: Activity -1 Testing the physical properties of potting mixes Air-filled porosity (AFP) Results Name of mix V (ml) Vt (ml) AFP% Wettability time 1. Potting mix- 1 0.92 4.8 19% 25s 2. Potting mix-2 .75 5 15% 10s 3. Potting mix -3 1.25 5 25% 35s 4. Potting mix -4 0.9 4.5 20% 15s 5. Potting mix-5 1.5 5 30% 10s Wettability Results Name of mix Time Comment 1. Potting mix- 1 25s Wettability is normal 2. Potting mix-2 5s The water holding capacity of this mix is very high 3. Potting mix -3 35s Wettability of mix is very low 4. Potting mix -4 15s Wettability is normal 5. Potting mix-5 10s The water holding capacity of this mix is very high Observations Quality of the mixes The Air-filled-porosity of all the provided potting mixes shows an acceptable AFP score, which lies between 15 to 30% for all the plants. As per potting mix porosity provided by Department of agriculture and food, the count of at least 15% AFP is minimum for proper propagation (Agric.wa.gov.au, 2016). The wettability of potting mix also occurred between 10s-15s, time duration indicating a good water absorption capacity of potting mixes. The wettability of potting mix -2 is high because potting mix used for lettuce has high humus rich soil that holds water for the long duration. Potential problems There is no potential problem because the obtained AFP is above 15% in all the potting mix samples. The wettability of potting mix-4 is very low. Recommendation Wetting agent can be used to enhance the wettability of potting mix-4 Activity -2 Testing the chemical properties of potting mixes pH Results Potting mix pH-colour kit test pH- pH meter test EC- EC meter test 1. Potting mix- 1 5.4 5.3 5.3 2. Potting mix-2 5.6 5.6 5.6 3. Potting mix -3 3 3.1 3.1 4. Potting mix -4 5.6 5.7 5.7 5. Potting mix-5 5.9 5.9 5.9 Observations a) Are the results for both methods of pH measurement the same? The pH results using the colour test kit, pH meter and EC meter are not observed to be same in all tests. In the five potting mix there is a difference in the reading of pH using colour test kit from the reading of EC and pH meter. The readings of EC meter and pH meter are similar in all the potting mix but the reading of colour kit test differs in the potting mix- 1,3 and 4. However, the readings of EC meter and pH meter are similar for all the five potting mix. b) Which method, in your opinion, is more accurate and in which situation would you use each method? In my opinion, the EC meter and pH meter can be considered as more reliable and accurate because the reading of both the instruments are same for all the five potting mix. Further, Quraishi et al. (2011) stated that pH meter simplifies the pH test where the pH value is determined automatically by the electronic device and displayed on the meter screen. In contrast, using a pH strip of the pH testing kit requires manual identification of pH that can persist manual errors. Hence, the pH meter is considered to be more accurate method to determine pH. The pH colour kit is reliable when there is no requirement of identifying the specific pH value. The pH colour kit is best to identify only the acidic or basic nature of the sample. Whereas, pH meter and EC meter are best for a situation where a specific value of pH is required to be evaluated in the sample. c) Compare your results with the Australian standard AS3743 and classify this mixes? As per AS3743 there are four categories of potting mixes that are All-purpose potting mix, Acid-loving plant potting mix, Premium potting mix and plant-specific potting mix (Agric.wa.gov.au, 2016). All the above provided potting mix can be considered as All-purpose potting mix because their physical conditions are suitable for all purpose of the plantation. However, potting mix- 3 can be considered as acid-loving plant potting mix because its pH value is slightly acidic then required for all-purpose plantation (Toogood, 1999). d)Make a recommendation for the use of these potting mixes. (Are they suitable for any type of propagation or for the general plant growing purpose?) The above provided potting mix 1, 2, 4, and 5 are suitable for any type of propagation but the potting mix 4 is suitable for propagation of plant that requires acidic soil for growth. e)If the mixes dont comply with the standard, please give the recommendation how to adjust these mixes, so they can be suitable for propagation purpose. All the potting mixes are suitable for all-purpose propagation except potting mix - 4 that has an acidic pH. This potting mix can be made suitable for propagation by adding NaOH solution and reducing the acidity of mix below 6.5 to make it usable for all types of propagation (Mason, 2004). Activity -3 The toxicity test Results Potting mixes Roots after 4 days (mm) 1. Potting mix- 1 3mm 2. Potting mix-2 1.3mm 3. Potting mix -3 .2mm 4. Potting mix -4 2mm 5. Potting mix-5 2.3mm Observation As per above performed toxicity test, all the potting mixes seedling showed some amount of rooting but the seedling in potting mix-4 showed very less growth of just. 2mm. The reason for low rooting in seeds of potting mix-4 can be the acidic nature of this mix because Quraishi et al. (2011) studies state that acidic soil does not supports propagation resulting in slow growth or even seed death. However, all the other potting mix are suitable for propagation because there is rooting observed between 1.3-3mm within 4 days duration. The potting mix-1 shows maximum propagation capacity with rooting of 3mm within 4days. Activity -4 Propagation techniques Plant record Plant name Trial date Treatments Hormones Lilly pilly (Syzygium smithii) Cleaning with running tap water for 15 min and soaking in 70% alcohol for 1 minute. Rinse the plant with running tap water after alcohol treatment. IBA hormone to stimulate root growth Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Soaked in boiling water for 48 hours. Abscisic acid for stimulating growth Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Soaked in boiling water for 48 hours. Ethylene for growth Lemon (Citrus limon) Soaked in boiling water for 24 hours. Cytokinin (BAP) for growth Azalea (Rhododendron azaleas) Cleaning with running tap water for 15 min IBA hormone to stimulate root growth *All the treatments and hormones are added as per requirement of provided plant sample Quality of propagation material Propagation material of plants Quality analysis Lilly pilly shoot cutting The shoot cuttings were healthy, new shoots, disease free with no mechanical damage. They were little contaminated with regular dust and water. Lettuce - Seeds Seeds provided were having ASA (Australian Seeds Authority Ltd.) certification. Seeds were disease free, healthy and test certified material. Pumpkin - Seeds Seeds provided were having ASA (Australian Seeds Authority Ltd.) certification. Seeds were disease free, healthy and test certified material. Lemon - Seeds Seeds provided were having ASA (Australian Seeds Authority Ltd.) certification. Seeds were disease free, healthy and test certified material. Azalea Shoot cuttings The shoot cuttings were healthy, new shoots, disease free with no mechanical damage and contamination. Other comments Plant -1 The shoot cutting sample of Lilly pilly plant was treated with running tap water and 70% alcohol because it consisted dust and outside water contamination. The treatment with 70% alcohol allows complete purification from dust with no damage to plant sample. The hormone IBA Indole-3-butyric acid was used to initiate rooting in the provided shoot cutting because shoot cutting needs to hold the soil as quickly as possible. Plant -2 Lettuce seeds provided as a sample were soaked in boiling water to make swell seed up to 1.5 larger sizes that will make germination very quick and easy in propagation. The abscisic acid is used to initiate seed germination and growth. Plant -3 Pumpkin seeds were soaked in boiling water for 48 hours to induce germination and ethylene worked as a growth hormone to initiate quick germination and shoot generation. Plant 4 Lemon seeds were soaked in boiling water for 24 hours to induce germination and BAP hormone 6-Benzylaminopurine worked as shoot generation hormone. Plant -5 Azalea shoot cuttings were washed with running water for 15 minutes to avoid chances of contamination and IBA was added in the mix to initiate rooting in the provided sample (Hartmann et al. 2011). Propagation techniques As these are two types of propagation materials that are shoot cuttings and seeds for all the five plants. Therefore, the seed germination and stem cutting propagation techniques are used to perform propagation. Seed propagation Materials Seed sample Boiling water Pots or trays 3inches deep with base holes Potting mix Flat board Saltshaker Spatula Peat moss Water Hormones Method Taken the seed sample and performed the treatment process as described above for each seed sample. Taken pots and trays soaked in 10% Clorox solution. The pots and trays were washed thoroughly. Filled the pots and trays with potting mix to the top and loosen the potting mix with flat board about half inches below the top of the pots. Further, the treated seeds were added to the surface mix with a spatula and shacked with saltshaker. Covered the seeds to the depth of twice their diameter. Peat moss or potting mix was used to cover seeds Added the required amount of hormone specific for each sample. Regularly water the by keeping the container in the pan of water for 1 minute that allows mix soak up the maximum water (Quraishiet al. 2011). Shoot propagation Materials Shoot cuttings sample Running tap water 70% alcohol Pots or trays 3inches deep with base holes Potting mix Sharp knife Rooting gel Forecep Peat moss Water Hormones Method The shoot cuttings were treated as per the treatment mentioned above. Using a sharp knife, a cut was made on the bottom of shoot samples at 45-degree angle to increase rooting area. Keep 2-3 set of leaves attached while cut the bottom set of leaves. Further, the prepared cutting was dipped in rooting gel that contains required rooting hormone. Taken pots and trays soaked in 10% Clorox solution. The pots and trays were washed thoroughly. Filled the pots and trays with potting mix to the top and loosen the potting mix with the flat board about half inches below the top of the pots. Now hold the shoot with the help of foreceps and place it straight in potting mix pots. Kept the inoculated plant in the warm and bright place. Provided water and hormone as required by the sample (Al Khateeb et al. 2012). Results and observations after weeks of propagation Successful propagation data Propagation plants Success rate Quality Lilly pilly shoot cutting Good shooting and rooting Healthy growth Lettuce - Seeds Good roots but fewer shoots Retarded shoot growth Pumpkin - Seeds Good shooting and rooting Healthy growth Lemon - Seeds Good shooting but less rooting Retarded root growth Azalea Shoot cuttings Good shooting and roots Healthy growth Rooting quality Propagation plants Treatment Hormone Rooting quality Rooting rate Lilly pilly shoot cutting 70% alcohol + IBA IBA Healthy roots 80% Lettuce - Seeds Soaked in boiling water Abscisic acid Healthy roots 94% Pumpkin - Seeds Soaked in boiling water Ethylene Healthy roots 68% Lemon - Seeds Soaked in boiling water Cytokinin (BAP) Retarded roots 30% Azalea Shoot cuttings 70% alcohol + IBA IBA Healthy roots 90% *The rooting rate was calculated by determining the percentage of plants showing roots Remedial procedure As per above observations, Lettuce sample propagation showed less shooting and lemon sample showed less rooting. The reason can be applied hormones where changing the shooting hormone for lettuce can initiate shooting process and implementing rooting hormones for the propagation of lemon seeds can initiate better rooting process. Using ethylene in place of abscisic acid can provide better shooting in lettuce. Further, using IBA in seed propagation of lemon can provide better rooting rate. The propagation obtained for Lilly, Pumpkin and Azalea were satisfactory. References Books Hartmann,HT, Kester,DE, Davies,FT, Geneve,RL 2011, Plant Propagation Principles and Practices, Prentice Hall, Sydney Mason,J 2004, Nursery Management, Land Links, Collingwood, Australia Toogood,A 1999, Plant Propagation, DK Publishing, INC, London Journals Al Khateeb, W., Hussein, E., Qouta, L., Aludatt, M., Al-Shara, B. and Abu-Zaiton, A., 2012. In vitro propagation and characterization of phenolic content along with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Cichorium pumilum Jacq.Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC),110(1), pp.103-110. Quraishi, A., Jadhav, S.K. and Gupta, S., 2011. In vitro Clonal Propagation of Cassia tora L.(Coffee Pod): A Medicinal Plant.Biotechnology,10(6), pp.546-550. Websites Agric.wa.gov.au. (2016).Potting mixes | Department of Agriculture and Food. [online] Available at: https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/nursery-cutflowers/potting-mixes [Accessed 12 Jul. 2016].

Packed and Fluidised Bed Behaviour in a Solid-Liquid System

Question: Discuss about the Packed and Fluidised Bed Behaviour in a Solid-Liquid System. Answer: Introduction Fluidisation takes place due to an upward flow of fluid through a particle bed in particle technology. In this process, the particles in the bed are lifted up, and therefore, do not touch one another. This results to the transformation of the particle bed into a fluid-like condition. During the flow of the fluid through the particle bed, a pressure decrease is detected as a result of the fluid drag force. Such a pressure decrease continues until the minimum fluidisation speed is obtained. The lowest amount of fluidisation speed is the minimum speed of the upward flowing fluid through the bed containing the particles that is needed to produce fluidisation (Maroufi, Khoshandam, Kumar, 2012). This takes place when the pressure decrease is equal to the weight of the particles in the bed. Consequently, this results in the particles dissociating. A fluidised bed results when a bed containing the particles goes through the suitable conditions needed for fluidisation, under the confinement of a controlled container. The tremendous mixing that occurs between the solid and fluid in a fluidised bed results in the towering rates of both weight and heat transfer. As a result, fluidised beds are enormously handy and play a central part in a broad variety of industrial and engineering processes. For instance, fluidised beds can be employed as reactors for the catalytic dissociation of complex hydrocarbons. They can also be used in the granulation process for the enlargement of the particle size, for the separation of minerals and particles size and density. Additionally, they can be utilized for solid cooling as a result of heat transfer. In other more advanced applications, fluidised beds can be employed in the coal gasification process (Sokł, 2001). During its many applications, the system parameters vary significantly li ke the particles property and the speed at which fluidisation process takes place (Doroodchi et al., 2012). The lab report illustrates an experiment carried out to study the packed and fluidised beds with the aim of investigating the characteristics of packed and fluidised beds under changing conditions, and the outcome of varying shaped particles on such operating conditions. The experiment also gives perspective into how these characteristics can be tapped within an industrial setting. This experiment was undertaken into two segments. The first segment employed spherical particles to constitute the particle bed. On the contrary, the second experiment employed cylindrically shaped particles. In both cases, the hydrodynamic properties of fluidised beds were studied. The focus was majorly on the conditions obligatory for a packed bed of particles to go through fluidisation. Similarly, the experiment focused on the associated pressure reduction through the bed with the rising flow rate of the particles. The particles bed was at the start, allowed to fluidize before taken through the process of de-fluidisation. The experimental pressure decrease was compared for trends, similarities and differences that occurred during the process of fluidization and de-fluidisation. Subsequently, the experimental outcomes were also compared with the theoretical association proposed by Richardson , Zaki, Ergun, and Carman-Kozeny. To begin with, the equations used and the derivation in the calculation of the theoretical forecasting for the operating conditions of both the fluidised and packed beds is illustrated later in this report. The report also covers the experimental procedure, and the results from the study. The results are comprehensively discussed and descried into detail in comparison to the existing theories outlined in the report. The report concludes with the general conclusions and recommendations anchored on the determinations of the experimental study. Experimental Materials, Apparatus, and Equipment The experiment was carried out using a fabricated fluidised bed reactor apparatus, particularly projected to measure the pressure reduction which takes place across both a fluidised and packed bed. The fluidised bed reactor column assumed a cylindrical profile, with an interior diameter of 2.5 cm, and corresponding exterior diameter of 3.0 cm. The fluidised bed reactor column comprised of a particle bed conflated with water to make the column packed. The particle bed was fabricated using both clear spherical beads of diameter 0.202 cm, and green cylindrical beads with a diameter of 0.249 cm and length of 0.192 cm. A variable regulator valve regulated the fluid flow into the reactor column that contains the particle bed. The output made use of the flow rates varying from 0 to 42 g/s. This represented a range of 0 to 70% of the production capacity of the beds measured using a rotameter. A DP Cell having an output reading that ranges from 0.94 to 4.39 V evaluated the decrease in pressure inside the reactor column. The measured emfs were changed into a height difference in respect to water. This was achieved by calibrating the output emfs to a head difference in terms of the water column that ranges numerically between 0 to 48 cm in terms of water column. The Figure below illustrates a schematic diagram of the apparatus employed in the experiment The apparatus elements are as identified below Part Name 1 Fluid reservoir 2 Pump 3/3A Control valves 4 Flowmeter 5 Drain pipe 6 Cam lock 1; releases the drain pipe but holds gauze in place to retain beads 7 Cam lock 2; releases the gauze that retains the beads 8 Fluidised bed reactor column 9 Top gauze; to hold the beads within the column if the flow is excessive 10 Transition system 11 Bleed box and pressure sensors 12 Calibration levels 13 Processor 14 Multimeter Experimental Procedure The preamble of the experiment involved turning on of the pump and subsequently bleeding off any trapped air within the plastic tubes. The DP Cell was graduated by first turning the valves to the calibrate initials position. The output emf was then measured and recorded for various water head heights. These figures were measured by varying the height of one of the calibration tubes in an increasing manner. The regulator valves were then replaced to the operate initial setting. After that, the rotameter was graduated to measure and estimate the mass flow rate of the water in the column for varying rotameter values. This was obtained by gathering a specified volume of water of known mass in a measuring cylinder over a timed interval. Afterwards, the collected water was weighed to estimate its mass at changing flow rates. The water tapped was taken back to the reservoir after determining its weight. Subsequent to the calibration of the DP cell and rotameter, the original bed column of t he spherical particles were measured and recorded together with the DP cell reading in terms of emf output as a percentage of the flow rate. The liquid flow rate in the bed was steadily but slowly raised in incremental steps each averaging to 5% of the aggregate flow rate. At the same time, the pressure decrease and bed column variation was measured and recorded. The process went on until readings at the most prominent and optimum flow rate was tested. The estimated optimum for the bed column is 70%. The column of the bed was afterwards de-fluidised. This was achieved by gradually reducing the liquid flow rate back to the initial setting (zero) with a steady additive steps. At the same time, similar measurements of bed column and DP cell emf output were recorded for the purposes of analysis. The diameter of an individual particle was then estimated using vernier callipers as a measuring instrument. Subsequently, ten particles were put inside a measuring cylinder with a known mass. T he contents were then weighed and separately recorded. This enabled for the computation of the mean mass of one individual bed particle. Finally, the packed bed voidage was estimated by putting 2 mL of particles in a measuring cylinder. Afterwards, 2 mL of water was added into the container and the difference in liquid height was observed and recorded. The same experimental procedure was then repeated for the cylindrically shaped particles of the fluidised bed. Data Analysis Using the graduation data for the DP cell, a graduation curve was obtained that assisted in the conversion of the emf reading to a head difference in terms of water column. The graduation statistics for the rotameter enabled for the estimation of both the mass and volumetric flow rate. These two variables enabled for the calculation of the fluid speed. By employing the experimental numerical information of pressure decline and flow rate, a comparative analysis of the variants was undertaken for both fluidisation and de-fluidisation processes respectively. The deviating bed porosity with regard to fluid speed was also estimated for both the fluidisation and de-fluidisation phases. Using the data obtained as illustrated in this experiment, the theoretical equations and principles of both Carman-Kozeny and Ergun were utilised to forecast the theoretical pressure reductions and fluctuations (Kramer et al., 2015). The theoretical values of the equations obtained were compared to the exper imental data achieved. In the case of the cylindrical particles, the Sauter diameter of the particles was approximated to assist in the utilisation of the Ergun and Carman-Kozeny equations in the workings. Moreover, Richardson and Zaki equation and theory was also employed to arrive at the theoretical bed voidage for various fluid speeds (Zhang, Meng, Guo, Guo, 2015). Their results were then compared with the experimental values obtained. References Doroodchi, E., Peng, Z., Sathe, M., Abbasi-Shavazi, E., Evans, G. M. (2012). Fluidisation and packed bed behaviour in capillary tubes.Powder technology,223, 131-136. Kramer, O., Jobse, M. A., Baars, E. T., van der Helm, A. W. C., Colin, M. G., Kors, L., van Vugt, W. H. (2015). Model-based prediction of fluid bed state in full-scale drinking water pellet softening reactors. InProceedings of the 2nd IWA New Developments in IT Water conference, Amsterdam (The Netherlands) 8-10 Febr. 2015; Authors version. IWA. Maroufi, S., Khoshandam, B., Kumar, R. (2012). Comparison between fluidised bed and packed bed reactors: non-catalytic gassolid reactions.Ironmaking Steelmaking,39(4), 301-311. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281211y.0000000061 Sokł, W. (2001). Operating parameters for a gasliquidsolid fluidised bed bioreactor with a low density biomass support.Biochemical Engineering Journal,8(3), 203-212. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-703x(01)00100-0 Zhang, Z., Meng, J., Guo, L., Guo, Z. (2015). Numerical Study of the Gas Distribution in an Oxygen Blast Furnace. Part 1: Model Building and Basic Characteristics. JOM, 67(9), 1936-1944. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1529-y

Is the Rise of China a Threat or an Opportunity for Europe

Introduction The rise of China has become one of the most important phenomena taking place in the world. Policy makers and international relations scholars have come up with numerous debates due to the rise of China. The history of the Chinese government stretches over years, but it is not short of powerful dynasties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Rise of China a Threat or an Opportunity for Europe? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most countries perceived the Chinese government as a great power in the 1940s. This perception was because of the efforts that were coming from United States, which was meant to enhance the status of China as a great power. This was done in order for China to counterbalance other countries, which had great power like the Japanese government (Blankert, p. 50). This paper focuses on the aspect of the rise of China and whether it is a threat to European countries. Perceptions con cerning China’s rise China’s rise has raised concerns among many policy makers. This is because of the various threats that have emerged from this aspect. Such threats have been identified as China’s economic threat, military threat, energy threat, and civilization threat among others. The perception of China being a threat has existed for some time now. For example, in 1949, the United States perceived china as a great enemy. The fact that China’s economy is opening up to the outside world can be regarded as a threat or an opportunity. China should not be underestimated at any point because it has large reserves for foreign exchange and surpluses in trade. Its increased capability to manufacture various products enabled the country to be ranked among the leading countries in the world economy (Xing, p.59). As pointed out by Lardy, China’s current market not only presents great opportunities for most of the businesses in Europe, but also the United States (para. 7). This is because the large business opportunities in China outweigh the loss of most jobs from Europe and the US.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has made Europe have a lot fear because this means that they will experience job drain to China. The rapidly expanding economic growth and large involvement in global trade have made China rise economically. This has also been contributed to by direct investments inflows from foreign countries. The European economy has come up with policies that try to react to China’s rise due to the fear they hold against China. Europe’s fear stems from the realization that Europe is in the midst of banking and sovereign debt crisis. The assertions in Europe by some policymakers over the European relations China have raised some questions. This is because of the approach used by the European countries to e mphasize on conditionality and encouragement of quality governance. Again, it is because of the approach of the Chinese to put emphasis on investment in infrastructure. The Chinese analysts noted that the real source of economic threat was the Europeans. This is because the Europeans were still in fear of the developments realized by the Chinese government both economically and in military dimension. Cooney and Yoichir believed that China was too weak to threaten the western power (p. 16). However, according to other policy makers, China is associated with numerous threats. China is said to be a threat to America and Japan, which serves as an affirmation to China’s national identity. In this case, the Chinese views the rise of China as a result of a pursuit of China’s rejuvenation. This rejuvenation is the psychological power which was embodied in the concept of China’s rise. This is reflected in the strong belief of the Chinese that the rise of China is meant t o restore the lost status rather than gaining any new prospects. Therefore, the rise of China as viewed by Chinese is meant to restore fairness instead of taking advantage of other countries. This explains why the Chinese people are yearning for increased advancement of their economy, which is too weak for China to go back to its position (Cooney and Yoichir, p. 58).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Rise of China a Threat or an Opportunity for Europe? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More China’s Economic Prospects China’s gross domestic product had grown higher than in the past years when the country’s economic reform program was officially launched. China has had the fastest long term rate of growth as compared to countries worldwide. Therefore, this has elicited a lot of fear in the neighboring countries like Japan, the US, and Europe. This has made the country expand and maintain its gr owth even in times of global recession. For example, in the year 2002, the expansion of Chinese economy was ten times higher than that of Japan. This made China be ranked third in the world economy. Again, the external trade in China has also expanded more than its economy has expanded. This has been reflected in the country’s openness. For example, in the year 1977, China contributed to 0.6 percent of the overall world trade, which ranked it the seven largest in the global economy. China’s trade performance had been very strong for quite some time since 1980s until 2001 when it shrank and began again to recover in 2002. Another factor that contributes to China’s rise is the inflows of foreign direct investment. This signaled China’s intention to open its economic sector after emerging the best in a joint venture law that triggered the creation of special economic zones. China’s economy continues to create a surprise to the neighboring countries. T his is because even when the global inflows continue to decline to low levels, the inflows to China continue to increase at a high rate. This has made China’s economy pose a threat to its neighbors. Although this can be a great threat to its neighbors, it is fair to say that its improved economic performance is not a clear guarantee of its success (Lardy, para. 8). Europeans view on China’s rise The rise of China leaves most of the countries with a great opportunity that is not limited to its economic coverage area. Some countries like the United States have resorted to frequent use of military solutions because of the slow process of diplomacy. China’s rise is aimed at power restoration and hence stability of the whole region.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some manufacturers and labor unions blame the factory jobs lost in European countries to the rapidly rising bilateral trade deficit that the European countries have with the Chinese government. The European governments continue to wonder what negative consequences that the rise of China will have on them. This means that the Europeans have the fear that China’s economic development will threaten their security. This has made the European countries consider China as a strategic threat. Some of the economists resolve that Europe should make an agreement on the sale of products within their territories. They should limit sale of any product that is of low standard. They should also increase job opportunities in their home country and stop Chinese from exploiting cheap currency (Cooney and Yoichir, p. 19). With its present rate of rising gross domestic product, china would soon go beyond Europe as it has happened with Japan. This is because the Chinese government acquires resourc es from various regions in the globe so as to increase the investments on infrastructure. It is also working on its currency as it targets the European currency, which is its strength. Some other scholars have resolved that they do not see China as a great threat to the European economy. This is because Europe can also form its own foreign policies and a good relationship with China. This can work out well and be beneficial if its structures are well galvanized. On the other hand, Europeans have reason to say that China is a threat to global stability more than the United States and other countries like Iran. This threat is not only viewed from the economic point of view, but from the military perspective. The Chinese government has been developing high-tech weaponry that threatens the Europeans. Their main objective in this is to project power at a given time (Lardy, para. 13). Again, China’s adequate labor and the absence of restraints in the environmental and the social se ctor mean that the country can threaten the whole world. These unfair acts are diminishing most of jobs in the entire world. Also, its demand, which has remained unsatisfied, has raised oil and mineral prices in the world. Another threat is the fact that China makes use of its economic power to hook up other countries. Its high investments have secured unhealthy acts across most countries in Africa. This has given it the power to make use of other countries’ economic resources and cause exploitation to their efforts. This has further been a great threat to Europe because China has engaged in colonization of some European countries. This has been witnessed where China has taken control of companies from the Portuguese. They have also taken the Greek ports and other opportunities because of the high economic power. In addition, China has hindered the spread of democratic values by the Europeans. On the same note, China’s economic progress undermines the European aspirati ons. This has seen China become an inspiration to other countries (Shi, p. 213). The rise of China has presented threats and opportunities not only for Europe, but also to the general global economy. The fact that it has an expanding trade has made it an engine of growth. This is because of the large amounts of capital goods that are imported and equipment used in the industry’s processing units. China has also become an important market for most of the Europeans firms giving European a great challenge. Again, it has been found to be a challenge to most of the countries producing manufactured goods that require a lot of labor. Such countries have started to invest directly in China resulting to unemployment in the home countries. On the other hand, China is determined to be among the leading global economic powers, and this will make restore its international pride. This is likely to be a threat than an opportunity to the Europeans. Despite many uncertainties brought about by the neighboring countries, the Chinese still believe that they will realize their great power dream. If the rise of China is taken as the country’s restoration, then China will reject the threat theory by Europeans and refer to it as western prejudice. It still appears that the Chinese are still confident of casting themselves as having responsible, great power (Hauser, p. 66). This is what helps China to be in a position of addressing other continents’ concerns as pertains to its rise. Again, from the European perspective, it is clear that the European countries will only accept the China’s economic growth and its rise so as to avoid seeing it as a threat to their economies. This will change the European perception towards China’s rise in an effort to reap some benefits from this move. This is only possible if the two players are ready to form strong economic ties (Schmitt, p.104). Conclusion The Europeans should see China’s rise as playing a ver y significant role in the world by recovering the economy. Therefore, they should allow China to take some roles in world affairs. This will contribute to a great advancement in science and technology in the world. Therefore, the rise of China can be heralded as having made positive contributions to the world. Although China is causing displacement of production in the European market, the challenge is not great. As has been discussed, there is no doubt that China’s rise has led to loss of job opportunities. This has forced the European economy to adjust to this aspect. Therefore, the rise of China can be viewed with mixed signals. It can be seen as a threat, as well an opportunity. However, the Europeans should take it as an opportunity so as to turn around and reap benefits that can be drawn from this phenomenon. Works Cited Blankert, Jan W. China Rising: Will the West Be Able to Cope: The Real Long-Term Challenge of the Rise of China. Singapore: World Scientific, 2009. Pri nt. Cooney, Kevin and Sato Yoichiro. The rise of China and international security: America and Asia respond. New York: Routeledge pub. 2009. Print. Hauser, Gunther. China: The Rising Power. Frankfurt, M: Lang, 2009. Print. Lardy, Nicholas. The Economic Rise of China: Threat or Opportunity? 2003. Web. Schmitt, Gary J. The Rise of China: Essays on the Future Competition. New York: Encounter Books, 2009. Print. Shi, Wei. Intellectual Property in Global Trading System: Eu-China Perspective. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2008. Print. Xing, Li. The Rise of China and the Capitalist World Order. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Co. 2010. Print. 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The Benefits of Participating in a Sample DBQ Essay Task

The Benefits of Participating in a Sample DBQ Essay TaskWhen middle school students are presented with a sample DBQ essay task, they often find it hard to grasp the concepts of the instruction and the presentation of the assigned topic. Often, they feel lost in the whole DBQ syllabus and the entire project and do not take much time to understand the whole thing.DBQ essay task can be really challenging to write as well as the most challenging test in middle school students have to face. This is why an effective teacher who understands the importance of proper education for children from an early age needs to be present in the class. Though, good teachers also require some other kind of teacher, that is a student teacher that will help their students out in every way possible.Most middle school students start getting home schooling when they reach 6th grade. This means they will still be in middle school or their junior high school at that time. Some students even start home schooling when they enter high school. However, it is possible for some students to enter high school while they still are in middle school.For middle school students, home schooling can be quite intimidating and some may tend to shy away from it as they feel like their parents will not be able to provide a better environment to learn and develop themselves. However, there are many advantages to home schooling as well. They include having family time, being with friends and not being subjected to peer pressure that all kids will be facing.A lot of middle school students may feel confused as to what they should be studying and where they should be studying. This is why some do not stick to the homework schedule and instead find that they are spending a great deal of time on the internet. Online learning, in fact, has become the trend nowadays and many people still prefer to do their assignments and homework on the internet. Having said that, some students get lazy and cannot keep up with the s ame pace.That is why the most important thing to remember when it comes to DBQ assignments is to do them properly, to be consistent and to write down the topics they are going to cover so that they are organized and know exactly what they have to do when the time comes. To have the best results, all students need to be careful about their work and ensure that they write a systematic article for the assignment.They should also be aware that there is no easy way out when it comes to essays, especially in the field of history and their subject. There are a lot of subjects that should be discussed, and this requires a great deal of concentration and patience. Even if they don't get it right the first time, they still have to go through the entire process and be confident that they will eventually get it right.All students should be given adequate time to study but at the same time, students should not rush things so that they won't be faced with problems during the school year. They mus t go through all the necessary preparations and provide an effective work. Students must follow a good course outline for the DBQ essay as well.